Austin Roberts
J. Austin Roberts, South African vertebrate zoologist (Pretoria 03 January 1883 – Transkei 05 May 1948) DESCRIBED VALID VERTEBRATA TAXA Mammalia Subfamilies Cricetomyinae 1951 Petromyscinae 1951 Genera Chlorotalpa 1924 Eremitalpa 1924 Neamblysomus 1924 Neoromicia 1926 Sauromys 1917 Species 12 Subspecies 82 AVES Genera (1922) Achaetops Campicoloides Dendroperdix Hemimacronyx Myioparus Notopholia Pseudohirundo Smutsornis Swynnertonia Subgenera Glaucestrilda Melananas Nyctiperdix Species & Subspecies Many
Augusto Ruschi
Augusto Ruschi, Brazilian biologist (Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo State 12 December 1915 – Vitoria 03 June 1986) From Italian parentage Authored about 470 works being 380 papers and 22 books Gained international recognition for his studies about hummingbirds, orchids and tropical botany Regarded as a world authority on hummingbirds being the first to breed hummingbirds in captivity Held the greatest written work about hummingbirds Developed the concept of ecological or forest reserve (1951) DESCRIBED NEW TAXA Animalia Mammalia Valid Subspecies Natalus stramineus espiritosantensis 1951 Aves Valid Species Amazilia rondoniae 1982 Phaethornis margarettae 1972 Valid Subspecies Amazilia versicolor kubtchecki 1959 Augastes scutatus soaresii 1963 Campylopterus largipennis diamantinensis 1963 Plantae Orchidaceae Valid Genus Hoehneella 1945 Species Bulbophyllum teresense 1946 Cattleya dupontii 1970 Cattleya grosvenori 1969 Centrogenium rademarkeri 1972 with La Gasa Cleistes medicii 1972 Cyrtopodium paynei 1969 Epistephium mardenii 1969 Gomesa guinlei 1946 Gomesa novaesae 1970 Habenaria carvalhoi 1946 Habenaria mayersii 1946 Habenaria mello-leitonii 1946 Habenaria nabucoi 1973 Hoehneella gehrtiana 1945 Hoehneella heloisae 1945 Hoehneella santos-nevesii 1945 Koellensteinia colnagi 1974 Koellensteinia espiritosantensis 1954 Laelia wetmorei 1970 Miltonia velloziana 1975 with La Gasa Ornithocephalus vosburghi 1969 Phymatidium lopesii 1969 Physosiphon bragae 1970 Pseudolaelia canaanensis 1974 Pseudolaelia dutraei 1952 Saundersia bicallosa 1955 Zygopetalum rigbyanum 1975 Zygopetalum chateaubriandii 1955 Bromeliaceae Species Neoregelia punctatissima 1954 Neoregelia rubrifolia 1954 Neoregelia tigrina 1954 HONORS Ruschia Mello Leitão 1940 (Arachnida)
August Rimbach
August Rimbach, German-born Ecuadorian botanist and plant physiologist (Jena 1862 – Riobamba 07 July 1943) SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY The forests of Ecuador. Tropical woods 31:1-9, 1932 Die Verbreitung der Wurzelverkurzung im Pflanzenreich (1929) Die Wurzelverkurzrung bei den groen Monokotylenformen. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 40:196-02, 1922 Uber die Verkurzung des Hypocotyls. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 39:285, 1921 Observaciones sobre plantas forrajeras. Rev. Minist. Industr. Montevideo (1916) Physiological observations on the subterranean organs of some Californian Liliaceae (1902) Physiological observations on some perennial herbs. Bot. Gaz. 30:171-88, 1900 Beitrage sur Physiologie der Wurzeln. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 17:18-35, 1899 Ueber Lilium martagon. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 16:104-10, 1898 Das Tiefenwachstum der Rhizome. Funfustiucks Beitr. Wiss. Bot. 3:177, 1898 Ueber die Ursache der Zellhautwellung in der Endodermis der Wurzeln. Funfustiucks Beitr. Wiss. Bot. 2:94-113, 1898 Die kontraktilen wurzeln und ihre thaitigkeit Funfstiucks. Beitr. Wiss. Bot. 2:1-28, 1898 Reisen im Gebiet de ob. Amazonas. Z. Erd. 32:360-409, 1897 Ueber die Lebenswiese der geophilen Pflanzen. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 15:92, 1897 Ueber die Lebenswiese der Arum maculatum. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 15, 1897 Zur Biologie der Pflanzen mit unterirdischen Spross. Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 13, (1895) Jahresperiode tropisch-andiner zwiebeipflanzen (1895) HONORS Rimbachia Patouillard 1891 (Fungi)
Atta ur Rahman
Atta ur Rahman, Pakistani organic chemist (Delhi, British India 22 September 1942 – Authored 970 publications, 151 books and 37 patents Authored influential books Biosynthesis of Indole Alkaloids (1983) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (the first textbook to have a detailed discussion on 2D-MNR spectroscopy) Stereoselective synthesis in organic chemistry ACHIEVEMENTS Discovered several hundred new natural products i.e. bioactive substances (alkaloids, saponins, withanolides, sesquiterpenes and triterpenoids) from plants as well as marine plants and animals many of which exhibited exciting biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-epileptic, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-AIDS, immunomodulating, anti-asthmatic, analgesic, nematicidal and anti-cancer activities Reported a number of binary and dimeric alkaloids from terrestrial and marine sources First proposed that vinblastine may arise from a pentacyclic precursor alkaloid such as catharanthine Obtained the first vinblastine derivative (1971) Discovered high yield fragmentation of the hexacyclic 16-epi-19-s-vindolinine to a tricyclic indole (1983) Proposed a theory of chemical basis of memory based on hydrogen bonding (2001) METHODS Developed a new method for the determination of absolute configurations of chiral carboxylic acids, α-amino acids amino alcohols, polynucleic acids and epinephrine isomers by partially or totally restricting their conformational flexibility through complexation with trinuclear metal complexes (1993) With Y. Ahmad, T. Begum, I.H. Qureshi & K. Zaman. A novel rearrangement of papaverine derivative isoquino [1-2-b] quinazoline derivative. Heterocycles 26(7):1841, 1987 With M. Ghazala, N. Sultan, M. Bashir & A.A. Ansari. A new synthesis of carbolines by metal-ion catalyzed reduction of N-imidotryptamines With S. Firdous. A new approach to the synthesis of N-arylate aromatic amines: a new carbazole synthesis With N. Waheed. Reductive cyclization of indolic imides. A new carbonile synthesis With N. Waheed. A new one step synthesis of carbolines With A. Basha. A new method for reduction of amides with zinc/ethanol With A. Basha. A new method for conversion of tertiary aromatic amides into aldehydes With A. Basha, N. Waheed & S. Ahmad. A new method for the reduction of amides to amines with sodium borohydride With J.H. Mason. Improved total syntheses of dihydrocleavamines, 16-methoxycarbonydihydrocleavanine and 16-hydroxydihydrocleavanine Synthetic studies towards vinblastine and its analogues.VI. The Markovnikov addition of acetic acid to catharanthine by a modification of the Prevost reaction PATENTS (incomplete) Methods for the synthesis of vinblastine, 20-epivinblastine (vinrosidine), 15-hydroxy-20-deoxyvinblastine, vincristine and other novel intermediates. Patent 126852 (1978) Patented many innovative procedures for rapid isolation of alkaloids HONOURS UNESCO Science Prize (1999) Honorary Life Fellow, King’s College, Cambridge University (2007) LINKS http://www.iccs.edu/update%20web/Prof.%20Atta-ur-Rahman/CV-PROF-Atta-ur-Rahman.pdf
Arturo Rotor
Arturo Belleza Rotor, Philippine physician and writer (Manila 07 June 1907 – 09 April 1988) Described Rotor syndrome With L. Manahan & A. Florentin. Familial non-hemolytic jaundice with direct Van den Bergh reaction. Acta Medica Philippina 5:37-49, 1948
Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns
Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns, Mexican neurophysiologist (Ciudad Guerrero, Chihuahua State 02 October 1900 – Ciudad de Mexico 20 September 1970) From Jewish Hungarian father and Irish-descent mother Considered one of the world’s most important neurophysiologists and a founder of cybernetics Authored 153 papers and 4 monographs ACHIEVEMENTS Demonstrated that DNA was the main responsible for genetic transmission (1944) With Norbert Wiener Set the bases of cybernetics With N. Wiener & J. Bigelow. Behavior, Purpose and Teleology. Philosophy of Science 10(1):21, 1943 Elaborated a mathematical model that describes impulses in a neuron network and perform a statistical analysis of communication process between neurons Discovered negative feedback in human organism Formulated mathematically cardiac impulse conduction (1946) First proposed the concept of vulnerability to formation of an unidirectional block and introduced a specific protocol of stimulation of an one-dimensional excitable ring With W.B. Cannon Predicted the existence of noradrenaline (1933) Elucidated the details of the sympathetic regulatory action Proved chemical mediation of autonomic nervous impulses through synapses Established quantitative laws that rule the action mode of nerve impulses Determinated specific action of adrenaline released in striated muscles Described in detail electrical phenomena that occur in smooth muscles Described relative electrical instability of autonomous effectors, smooth muscles and glands Enunciated Cannon-Rosenblueth law of denervation (1949) With W. Cannon. The supersensitivity of denervated structures: a law of denervation Developed Rosenblueth-Cannon test for adrenaline Authored a classical book Physiology of the Autonomous Nervous System (1937) With others With J. Luco Valenzuela demonstrated that during prolonged stimulation of a motor nerve, neuromuscular fatigue is followed by a rise of tension known as Rosenblueth phenomenon (1939) Discovered fifth stage in neuromuscular transmission With J. Luco. The fifth stage of neuromuscular transmission. Amer. J. Physiol. 126(1), 1939 Distinguished between transmission fatigue and contraction fatigue With J. Garcia Ramos performed fundamental studies about the origin of heart arrhytmias Developed Rosenblueth-García Ramos method (1947) With J. Garcia Ramos. Studies on flutter and fibrillation. The influence of artificial obstacles on experimental auricular flutter. Am.Heart J. 33(5):677-84, 1947 With Alanís and Mandoki enunciated concept of refractory functional period in nerve cell (1949) Introduced nerve electrophysiology into the study of cardiac tissue Enunciated mathematical laws that regulate striation and fibrillation of cardiac auricle With W.H. Daughaday & D.D.Bond (1943) and J. Garcia Ramos (1946) described and systematized cardiac ventricle electrogram With J. Garcia Ramos. The various components of the monophasic electrogram of the cardiac ventricle. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mexico 16:45-57, 1946 Relevant papers With J. Garcia Ramos. The relations between the impedance and the emf changes in the cerebral cortex. Acta Physiol. Lat.Am. 17:76-87, 1967 With J. Garcia Ramos & L.F. Nims. Slow potential and impedance changes in the medulla of the cat. Acta Physiol. Lat.Am. 16:212-9, 1966 With J. Alanis, R. Rubio & E. López. The two staircase phenomenon. Arch. Intern. Physiol. Bioch. 67(3):374-83, 1959 Two processes for auriculo-ventricular and ventriculo-auricular propagation of impulses in the heart. Am. J. Physiol. 194(3):495-8, 1958 With N. Wiener, W. Pitts & J. Garcia Ramos. A statistical analysis of synaptic excitation. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 34:173-206, 1949 With N. Wiener, W. Pitts & J. Garcia Ramos. An account of the spike potential of axons. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 32:275-318, 1948 With N. Wiener. The mathematical formulation of the problem conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 16(3):205-65, 1946 With J. Garcia Ramos & W.B. Cannon. The crossed and ipsilateral extensor spinal reflexes. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 15(5):401-54, 1945 With J. Garcia Ramos & W.B. Cannon. Sensitization of spinal neurons by partial denervation. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 15(4):327-48, 1945 With G.H. Parker. The electric stimulation of the concentrating (adrenergic) and the dispersing (cholinergic) nerve fibres of the melanophores in the catfish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 27(4):198-204, 1941 With K. Lissak & A. Lanari. An explanation of the five stages of neuromuscular and ganglionic synaptic transmission. Am. J. Physiol. 128(1), 1939 With R.S. Morison. The action of eserine and prostigmin on skeletal muscle. Science 84(2190):551-2, 1936 Medicine & Physiology Nobel Prize nominee (1952)