Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns
Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns, Mexican neurophysiologist (Ciudad Guerrero, Chihuahua State 02 October 1900 – Ciudad de Mexico 20 September 1970) From Jewish Hungarian father and Irish-descent mother Considered one of the world’s most important neurophysiologists and a founder of cybernetics Authored 153 papers and 4 monographs ACHIEVEMENTS Demonstrated that DNA was the main responsible for genetic transmission (1944) With Norbert Wiener Set the bases of cybernetics With N. Wiener & J. Bigelow. Behavior, Purpose and Teleology. Philosophy of Science 10(1):21, 1943 Elaborated a mathematical model that describes impulses in a neuron network and perform a statistical analysis of communication process between neurons Discovered negative feedback in human organism Formulated mathematically cardiac impulse conduction (1946) First proposed the concept of vulnerability to formation of an unidirectional block and introduced a specific protocol of stimulation of an one-dimensional excitable ring With W.B. Cannon Predicted the existence of noradrenaline (1933) Elucidated the details of the sympathetic regulatory action Proved chemical mediation of autonomic nervous impulses through synapses Established quantitative laws that rule the action mode of nerve impulses Determinated specific action of adrenaline released in striated muscles Described in detail electrical phenomena that occur in smooth muscles Described relative electrical instability of autonomous effectors, smooth muscles and glands Enunciated Cannon-Rosenblueth law of denervation (1949) With W. Cannon. The supersensitivity of denervated structures: a law of denervation Developed Rosenblueth-Cannon test for adrenaline Authored a classical book Physiology of the Autonomous Nervous System (1937) With others With J. Luco Valenzuela demonstrated that during prolonged stimulation of a motor nerve, neuromuscular fatigue is followed by a rise of tension known as Rosenblueth phenomenon (1939) Discovered fifth stage in neuromuscular transmission With J. Luco. The fifth stage of neuromuscular transmission. Amer. J. Physiol. 126(1), 1939 Distinguished between transmission fatigue and contraction fatigue With J. Garcia Ramos performed fundamental studies about the origin of heart arrhytmias Developed Rosenblueth-García Ramos method (1947) With J. Garcia Ramos. Studies on flutter and fibrillation. The influence of artificial obstacles on experimental auricular flutter. Am.Heart J. 33(5):677-84, 1947 With Alanís and Mandoki enunciated concept of refractory functional period in nerve cell (1949) Introduced nerve electrophysiology into the study of cardiac tissue Enunciated mathematical laws that regulate striation and fibrillation of cardiac auricle With W.H. Daughaday & D.D.Bond (1943) and J. Garcia Ramos (1946) described and systematized cardiac ventricle electrogram With J. Garcia Ramos. The various components of the monophasic electrogram of the cardiac ventricle. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mexico 16:45-57, 1946 Relevant papers With J. Garcia Ramos. The relations between the impedance and the emf changes in the cerebral cortex. Acta Physiol. Lat.Am. 17:76-87, 1967 With J. Garcia Ramos & L.F. Nims. Slow potential and impedance changes in the medulla of the cat. Acta Physiol. Lat.Am. 16:212-9, 1966 With J. Alanis, R. Rubio & E. López. The two staircase phenomenon. Arch. Intern. Physiol. Bioch. 67(3):374-83, 1959 Two processes for auriculo-ventricular and ventriculo-auricular propagation of impulses in the heart. Am. J. Physiol. 194(3):495-8, 1958 With N. Wiener, W. Pitts & J. Garcia Ramos. A statistical analysis of synaptic excitation. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 34:173-206, 1949 With N. Wiener, W. Pitts & J. Garcia Ramos. An account of the spike potential of axons. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 32:275-318, 1948 With N. Wiener. The mathematical formulation of the problem conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 16(3):205-65, 1946 With J. Garcia Ramos & W.B. Cannon. The crossed and ipsilateral extensor spinal reflexes. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 15(5):401-54, 1945 With J. Garcia Ramos & W.B. Cannon. Sensitization of spinal neurons by partial denervation. Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Mex. 15(4):327-48, 1945 With G.H. Parker. The electric stimulation of the concentrating (adrenergic) and the dispersing (cholinergic) nerve fibres of the melanophores in the catfish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 27(4):198-204, 1941 With K. Lissak & A. Lanari. An explanation of the five stages of neuromuscular and ganglionic synaptic transmission. Am. J. Physiol. 128(1), 1939 With R.S. Morison. The action of eserine and prostigmin on skeletal muscle. Science 84(2190):551-2, 1936 Medicine & Physiology Nobel Prize nominee (1952)
Arrigo Antonio Raia
Arrigo Antonio Raia, Brazilian surgeon (Araraquara, São Paulo State 23 August 1912 – São Paulo 23 October 2019) Authored 287 papers and 85 book chapters First to describe the lesions of myoenteric plexus of stomach caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Distinguished the differences of acquired and congenital megaesophagus DEVELOPED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES With J E M Cunha & M.C.C. Machado. New technique of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy. American Journal of Surgery 139:451-453, 1984. With H.W. Pinotti, B. Zilberstein, G. Ellenbogen & J.J. Gama-Rodrigues. Lateral deviation esophagostomy. New simplified technical procedure. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 12(2):135-41, 1982 With H.W. Pinotti, B. Zilberstein & W.M.Pollara. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. (1981) With W.M. Pollara, R. Gemperli & H.W. Pinotti. O problema do câncer no megaesôfago. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 26:379-81, 1980 With G. Ellenbogen, J.J. Gama-Rodrigues, I.F. Carril & H.W. Pinotti. Lateral esophagostomy of derivation. A new simplified technical procedure. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 24(6):191-4, 1978 With J.E. Monteiro, T. Bacchella & M.C.C. Machado. A modified technique for the reconstruction of the alimentary tract after pancreatoduodenectomy. Surg. Gynecol. Obst. 143:271, 1976. With O. Simonsen, N.A.G. Stolfi, F. Aun & A. Habr-Gama. Rectal sphincter reconstruction in perineal colostomies after abdominoperineal resection for cancer. Brit.J. Surg. (1976) With H.W. Pinotti, G. Ellenbogen, R. Arab Fadul & J.J. Gama-Rodrigues. New bases for the surgical treatment of megaesophagus: esophagocardiomyotomy with esophagus-fundus-gastropexy. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 20:331-4, 1974 With J.J. Gama-Rodrigues. Moléstia cística do fígado: apresentação de caso e de nova técnica de tratamento cirúrgico. São Paulo Med Journal 73(2):65-72, 1968. With J. Haddad & A. Correa Netto. Abaixamento retro-retral do cólon com colostomia perineal no tratamento do megacólon adquirido. Operação de Duhamel modificada. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 11: 83-85, 1965. With H.W. Pinotti. A prova do lugol no diagnóstico diferencial das hemorragias digestivas altas Ann. Paul. Med. Cir. 80(1), (1960) DEVICES With J. Faintuch, F.B. Jatene, M.C. Machado, J.J. Gama-Rodrigues, T. Szego et al. Enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal intubation. Presentation of a new tube made of silicone rubber. Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. São Paulo 36(4):158-61, 1981 With J.J. Gama Rodrigues, G. Ellenbogen & H.W. Pinotti. New orientation in distal esophagectomy: reconstruction by esophagogastric anastomoses with an anti-reflux valve. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 21(1):21-4, 1975
Armando Octavio Ramos
Armando Octavio Ramos, Brazilian neuropharmacologist (São Paulo 1932 – 1992) Co-discovered neurokinin With L.F. Chapman, H. Goodell & H.G. Wolff. Neurokinin: a polypeptide formed during neuronal activity in man. Trans. Amer. Neurol. Assoc 42 (1960) With A.P. Corrado & C.T. Escobar clarified the potentiation mechanism caused by antibiotics amino glycosides to curare-induced neuromuscular block SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY With W.P. Bastos. Isoamiline as inhibitor of muscarinic acid and nicotinic ganglionic receptors. Pharmacology 4(1):39-44, 1970 With R. Scivoletto. Tyramine effects before and after isoproterenol on the isolated reserpinized heart. Pharmacology 1:312-6, 1968 With L. Ramos & J.A.F. Caldeira. Action of antipyretic-analgesic drugs on intraocular pressure in the rabbit. Med. Pharmacol. Exp. Int. J. Exp. Med. 16:350-4, 1967 With W.P. Bastos & M. Sakate. Influence of metoclopramide in experimental arrhythmias induced by barium or by chloroform and adrenaline (1967) With S.B. Zyngier, L. Ramos & C.E. Corbett. Ionic antagonism and the cholinergic activation induced by polymyxins on the heart (1967) With L. Ramos & J.A.F. Caldeira. Fall of intraocular pressure prduced by chlorpromazine injection in the cisterna magna (1966) With M. Sakate. Effect of N-phenyl N-heptylnicotinamide on the isolated smooth muscle and on the arterial blood pressure. Folia Clin. Biol. 34:92-100, 1965 With B.J. Schmidt. Neurokinin and pain-producing substance in congenital generalized analgesia. Arch. Neurology 10 (1):42-6, 1964 With R. Oehling, C.E. Corbett & L. Ramos. Pharmacological activity of aqueous humor from some animal species including man. Rev. Fac. Farm. Bioquim. 2:9, 1963 With L.F. Chapman & L. Ramos. Neurokinin from cerebrospinal fluid. I. Some pharmacological properties. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 146:501, 1963 With L.F. Chapman, H. Goodell & H.G. Wolff. Evidence for kinin formation resulting from neural activity evoked by noxious stimulation. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 104:258, 1963 With L. Ramos, R. Oehling & C.E. Corbett. Action of colistin on isolated smooth muscle. Chemotherapy 7 (1963) With J.R. Pereira & L. Ramos. Pharmacology of the bile. II. Bilikinin, parasympathomimetic factor of the bile. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 135:454, 1962 With L. Ramos. Inhibitory action of atropine on the adrenolytic effect of chlorpromazine. Rev. Bras. Biol. 22:177-83, 1962 With L. Ramos, R.E. Bastos & A.M. Deluca. Comparative stydy of the pharmacological activity of antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, kanamyxcin and viomycin) on autonomic ganglia, myoneural function (1962) With L.F. Chapman, H. Goodell & H.G. Wolff. Neurohumoral features of afferent fibers in man. Arch. Neurol. 4:617, 1961 With L.F. Chapman & H.G. Wolff. Properties of a polypeptide formed by incubating cerebrospinal fluid with plasma globulin. Fed. Proc. 20:379, 1961 With L.F. Chapman, H. Goodell, G. Silverman & H.G. Wolff. A humoral agent implicated in vascular headache of the migraine type. Archs. Neurol. Psych. 3:223, 1960 With A.P. Corrado. Some pharmacological aspects of a new antibiotic, kanamycin. Rev. Bras. Biol. 20:43-50, 1960 With M. Rocha e Silva & A.P. Corrado. Potentiation of duration ot he vasodilator effect of bradykinin by sympatholytic drugs and by reserpine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 128:217-26, 1960 With A.P. Corrado & C.T. Escobar. Neuromuscular blockade by neomycin. Potentiation by ether anaesthesia and d-tubocurarine and antagonism by calcium and prostigmine. Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn. 121:380, 1959 With A.P. Corrado. Neomycin: its curariform and ganglioplegic actions. Rev. Bras. Biol. 18:81-5, 1958 With A.P. Corrado. Efeito hiperpiético do veneno de escorpião (Tityus serrulatus e Tityus bahiensis). An. Fac. Med. Univ. São Paulo 28:81-98, 1954 With L. Ramos & J.A.F. Caldeira. Influence of vaidril on the intraocular pressure of rabbits. Ophthalmologica (Basel)
Antonio Romero
Antonio A. Romero, Argentine Army officer and explorator (18??-1929) Collected specimens of fossil vertebrates and plants such as the first marine crocodile of the country (1898) and the Pyrotherium romeroi (described by F. Ameghino in 1888) Developed a new system of removable car (1913) SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY Un fuerte desconocido por los historiadores de Buenos Aires. Bol. Bibl. Nacional Peru 22(1):633-5, 1928 La explotación del petroleo en el Neuquén. Teorias equivocadas y estudios geologicos imaginarios praticados (1926) Homo pampaeus. Contribución al estudio de origen y antiguedad de la raza humana en Sud America según recientes descubrimientos. Anales Soc. Cient. Arg. LXXXVI:5-48, 1918 La obra de Florentino Ameghino; La importância de los hallazgos paleoliticos de Chapalmalán (Miramar); El origen del caballo en America (1915) Las tituladas geodas ferruginosas del Iberá, Entre Ríos, etc., por el señor Enrique de Carlés, su origen y la edad geologica que se les atribuye. Anales Soc. Cient. Argentina 25:497, 1913 Las escorias y tierras cocidas de las formaciones sedimentarias neogenas de la Republica Argentina. Anales Museo Nac. Hist. Natural Bs. Aires 22 Ser3 Tomo 15:11-44, 1912 Estudio geologico de nuestro continente (Sud America) HONORS Romeroites Spegazzini 1924 (Fossil Plantae)
Antonio Raimondi
Giovanni Antonio Raimondi, Italian-born Peruvian naturalist and geographer (Milano 19 September 1824 – San Pedro de Lloc, La Libertad Dept 26 October 1890) Authored over 150 works Discovered new species of marine invertebrates in central and southern portions of Peru Discovered 80 new plant species Collected 31 000 specimens between animals, plants, rocks, minerals and ethnographic material being 2000 mollusks, 4000 insects and 2665 birds DESCRIBED Plantae Species Chloraea undulata ex Colunga 1857 Culcitium discolor ex Herrera 1921 Verbena stachys 1913 Mineral Sideronatrite (1878) Huantajayite (1876) variety Tarapacaite (1878) Malinowskite (1876) variety Arequipite (1878) Cuprochalcite (1872) Described archaeological site of Chavín de Huantar Conceived a method to recognize the presence of lead sulfate or anglesite employing a sodium chloride solution (1873) and a rapid test for determination of tourmalines employing hydrofluoric acid HONORS Raimondia Safford 1913 (Annonaceae) Neoraimondia Britton & Rose 1920 (Cactaceae) Raimondiceras Spath 1924 (Fossil Mollusca) LINKS www.dicionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomo/tomo17/r1.htm www.museoraimondi.org.pe/documentos/quimico-maldonado-diosdeguevara.doc http://www.museoraimondi.org.pe/raimondi.htm
Antonio Carlos Rocha Campos
Antonio Carlos Rocha Campos, Brazilian geologist and paleontologist (Araras, São Paulo State 03 March 1937 – São Paulo 22 July 2019) First to identify a boulder pavement in Antarctica (2012) With M. Kuchenbecker, W. Duleba, P.R. dos Santos & F.M. Canile. A (tidal-marine) boulder pavement in the late Cenozoic of Seymour Island, Antarctica: contribution to palaeogeographical and palaeoclimatic evolution of West Antarctica. Antarctic Science 29(6):555-9, 2017 DESCRIBED Fossil Mollusca Genera Tayoa 1964 Pindorama 2006 with Anelli & Simões Carnauba 2009 with Anelli, Simões & Peck Species Adamusium auristriatum 2008 with Quaglio, Anelli, dos Santos & Perinotto Attenuatella paulistana 1969 Australomya sinuosa 1993 with Simões Carnauba oiticica 2009 with Anelli, Simões & Peck Chaenomyia caatingaensis 2009 with Anelli, Simões & Peck Cypricardinia boliviana 1977 with Carvalho & Amos Deltopecten harringtoni 1975 with Carvalho Ennucula frigida 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Ennucula musculosa 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Exochorhynchus buriti 2009 with Anelli, Simões & Peck Leioptera paranaensis 1969 Limatula (Antarctolima) ferraziana 2008 with Quaglio, Anelli, dos Santos & Perinotto Limopsis psimolis 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Mourlonia baitacensis 1969 Mourlonia balapucensis 1977 with Carvalho & Amos Myonia costata 1970 Neilo rongelii 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Nuculavus levatiformis 2007 with Anelli & Simões Oriocrassatella itajaiensis 1970 Periploma acuta 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Pindorama nordestina 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Pleurophorella parnaibensis 2009 with Anelli, Simões & Peck Polidevcia bellistriata 2007 with Anelli & Simões Solermya (Janeia) radiata 2007 with Anelli & Simões Tayoa erichseni 1964 Vacunella camachoi 1975 with Carvalho Warthia brasiliensis 1970 Yoldia peninsularis 2006 with Anelli, dos Santos, Perinotto & Quaglio Others Peruvispira delicata 1978 with Roesler (Brachiopoda) MEMBERSHIP/OFFICES President, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (1994-8)