Augusto Severo Maranhão
Augusto Severo de Albuquerque Maranhão, Brazilian aeronaut (Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte State 11 January 1864 – Paris 12 May 1902) ACHIEVEMENTS Conceived and patented Bartolomeu de Gusmão balloon in France (1893), when created dirigibility of semi-rigid balloons Constructed dirigible Pax, praised for many specialists of field (1902). It was an improvement of anterior dirigible. Placed traction line coincident to drag one to better control handling aircraft and first to place screw propeller at end axis of dirigibles PATENTS A resistance turbo engine (1896) Driving mechanism for balloons (1891 & 1899) A rotative reversible machine for graphical imprinting A direct circular engine (1901)
Attilio Macchiavello
Attilio Macchiavello Varas, Chilean hygienist and epidemiologist (Antofagasta 07 December 1902 – Santiago de Chile 14 December 1996) From Italian father Authored over 200 papers (until 1962) ACHIEVEMENTS With Richard Dresser. A modified method of obtaining large amounts of Rickettsia prowazeki by roentgen irradiation of rats. J. Exp. Med. 62(3): 297-304, 1935 Developed Macchiavello stain for Chlamydia and Rickettsia Estudios sobre tifo exantemático. III. Un nuevo metodo para teñir Rickettsia. Rev. Chil. Hig. Med. Prev. 1:101-6, 1937 Described murine pseudo plague with paralysis caused by Klebsiella muris Pseudo-peste murina con paralisis del tren posterior, nueva enfermedad epizootica de la rata causada por Klebsiella. Arch. Hig. Rio de Janeiro 12:69-92, 1942 Proposed intradermic auto hemotherapy for systemic bartonellosis Posible Nuevo tratamento para la bartonelosis sistemica. Auto-hemoterapia intradérmica. Mecanismo fisio-patologico de la infección bartonelar. Rev. Ecuat. Hig. Med. Trop. 1(4):341-61, 1944 With A.B. Coutinho described adenomieloenterosis, a new viral cat disease (1944) First to report bubonic plague control employing DDT Identified cold inguinal bubo as pestis minor Described pestous multiganglionic fever as a new syndrome Reported the first case of mixed infection by Pasteurella pestis & Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis First to show the lack of Vitamin E as the main responsible for murine rodents migration First to indicate those murine rodents that are relatively refractory to bubonic plague are intersazonal reservoirs of that disease Described a great number of new bubonic plague reservoirs and vectors (1954) Developed a new global rat-flea index (adopted by World Health Organization) First to grow trachoma virus on eggs describing its life cycle before Chinese scientists (1944) First vital case of toxoplasmosis in a systematic manner in medical literature Introduced the concept of sanimetry (1960s) LINKS http://repositorio.iaen.edu.ec/bitstream/24000/1177/1/REG%20162%20ASESORIA%20GENERAL%201963%201964%20.pdf
Astrogildo Machado
Astrogildo Machado, Brazilian biomedical researcher (São José dos Campos, São Paulo State 1885 – Rio de Janeiro 19 January 1945) Brother in law of physician Carlos Chagas ACHIEVEMENTS Introduced improvements in sera preparation technique Developed Machado-Guerreiro reaction or test With C. Guerreiro. Da reação de Bordet e Gengou na moléstia de Carlos Chagas como elemento diagnóstico. Bras. Med. 27(23):225, 1913 Described the protozoan genus Chagasella 1912 Developed a procedure to attenuate Koch bacillus Nouveau procédé pour priver le bacilli de Koch de son acido-resistance. C.R. Soc. Biol. 96(7):484, 1927 PATENTS A new organic acid and its salts employed in parasitary diseases Novo acido orgânico e seus sais para emprego nas moléstias parasitárias. Patente 8.424 (1914) A vaccine for pneumoenteritis in calves With A. Godoy. Estudos bacteriológicos sobre a diarreia ou pneumoenterite dos bezerros. Patente 9.564 (1917) A new anthrax or hematic carbuncle vaccine With A. Godoy. Processo de preparação e emprego de uma nova vacina contra o carbúnculo bacteriano. Patente 9.981 (1918) Protosan (quinine protosanate), a compound employed against equine trypanosomiasis An innovative process for high concentration solubilisation of mercurial salts With J.C. Felippe. Uma nova applicação das substancias reguladoras de reacção para o fim de estabilizar preparações de mercúrio destinadas a emprego em therapeutica (1930) HONORS Machadoella Reichenow 1934 (Protozoa)
Ashesh Prosad Mitra
Ashesh Prosad Mitra, Indian atmospheric physicist (Kolkata 21 February 1927 – New Delhi 03 September 2007) Authored 150 papers and several books and monographs Authored important studies on lower ionosphere Showed that atmospheric chemistry changes during a flare Introduced a method of ionospheric prediction Introduced new techniques for detecting solar flares such as the use of cosmic radio noise and for analysis of flare effects of the atmosphere
Asha Mathur
Asha Mathur, Indian virologist (Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh State 13 June 1938 – Authored over 170 research papers With British Gardner developed new techniques for rapid diagnosis of viruses First to demonstrate the transplacental transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus in human and in mouse model Showed its persistence, latency and reactivation and association of production of previously unrecognized chemotactic factor with neutrophilia and early antiviral host defense With U.C. Chaturvedi, A. Chandra, S.K. Das, H.O. Tandon & U.K. Singh. Transplacental infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. J. Infect. Dis. 141:712-5, 1980 With K.L. Arora & U.C. Chaturvedi. Transplacental Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in mice during consecutive pregnancies. J. Gen. Virol. 59:213-7, 1982 First to develop immunofluorescence technique for rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in patients With S.K. Tak & P. Kothari. “Foot length” – a newer approach in neonatal anthropometry. J. Trop. Pediatrics 30(6):333-6, 1984
Arthur Alexandre Moses
Arthur Alexandre Moses, Brazilian biomedical researcher (Rio de Janeiro 02 June 1886 – Rio de Janeiro 23 November 1967) From Jewish Austrian & United States ancestry ACHIEVEMENTS Authored over 100 works performing studies on microbiology, histology and veterinary First worldwide demonstration of the existence of anticysticerci antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid Dos métodos biológicos de diagnostico na cisticercose (Ueber Anwendung biologischer methoden bei der diagnose der cysticercosis) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 3:322-6, 1911 Described a specific type of myxoma in rabbits, Moses strain of rabbit myxoma virus or standard laboratory strain for myxoma virus O vírus do mixoma dos coelhos. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 3(1):46-53, 1911 Described fungi Proteomyces infestans With G. Vianna. Sobre nova micose humana, causada por cogumelo ainda não descrito: Proteomyces infestans. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 5:192-210, 1913. Developed a complement fixation reaction for diagnosing paracoccidiodomycosis Fixação de complemento na blastomicose. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 8:68-70, 1916 Técnica e modificações da reação de Wassermann. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 1:78-97, 1913 HONORS Genus Mosesia Travassos 1928 (Trematoda) Kummel Award, University of Hamburg (1927)