Salomon Hakim
Salomon Hakim Dow, Colombian neurosurgeon and bioengineer (Barranquilla 04 June 1922 – Barranquilla 05 May 2011) From Lebanese parents Authored over 70 papers Described the normal pressure hydrocephalus or Hakim syndrome in Spanish (1964) and in English with R.D.Adams & C.M. Fisher (1965) Stated new theories on cephalorhachidian liquid dynamics Introduced new lead systems of cephalorhachidian fluid Stated the concept of self-regulating valves (1973) TECHNIQUES/DEVICES With A. Jimenez Arango & F. Rosas. Drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid into the spinal epidural space: a new technique for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Acta Neuroch. 4(3):224-7, 1955 With neurosurgeon Alejandro Jimenez Arango. A surgical technique for making agile operations A technique for measuring gauge of brain vessels With Carlos Hakim. A programmable and adjustable valve which may prevent ventricular collapse or Hakim valve The first gravitational valves (1975) With J.F. Patiño, C. Hakim, S. Barco, F. Holguín Rueda & C. Castro. A new vascular access system totally implantable: Hakim’s venous shunt. Cirugia 1(1):3-6, 1986 INVENTIONS/PATENTS (more than 28 US patents) A valve to treat hydrocephaly. USPTO 3288142 (1966) With D.L. Harris. Implantable pressure sensor. US3.958.562 (1974) With C. Hakim. Servo valve US4.106.510 (1976) With C. Hakim Method and apparatus for the treatment of ascites. US4.261.341 (1979) Flocking apparatus US4.312.293 (1980) With C. Hakim. Shunt valve US4.332.255 (1980) With C. Hakim. Shunt valve US4.387.715 (1982) With C. Hakim. Cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve US4.551.126 (1983) With C. Hakim. External magnetic detection of physiopathological and other parameters. US4.608.992 (1983) With C. Hakim. Magnetically-adjustable cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve US4.595.390 (1983) With C. Hakim. Surgically implantable stepping motor US4.615.691 (1983) With C. Hakim. External programmer for magnetically-adjustable cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve. US4.772.257 (1986) With Carlos Hakim. A programmable and adjustable valve which may prevent ventricular collapse or Hakim valve EPONYMY Hakim triad (in normal pressure hydrocephaly) Hakim tube Hakim shunt Hakim reservoir Hakim catheter HONOURS First Foreigner to win Alumni Achievement Award, United States
Roberto Hottinger
Roberto Hottinger, Swiss-born Brazilian veterinarian, microbiologist and chemist (Zurich 20 February 1875 – São Paulo 29 January 1942) Authored over 50 works Discovered the oligodynamic action of silver in water sterilization (1920) With G.H. Paula Souza developed a new purification process consisting of colloidal silver coating insides of ceramic vessels With Paula Souza described a device that allowed the elimination of ozone excess from water, which was modified and used to eliminate chlorine, giving rise to Perfector process (1912). It was patented in Germany some time later Established Perfector process for deozonization and dechlorination of water (1912) Discovered a practical way of using oligodynamic action of metals that resulted in Salus process (Swiss-German G.A. Krause re-discovered the process (Katadyn) in 1929 and was left with the glories of invention) With Antonio Nogueira developed a new domestic water purification process employing colloidal silver known as Salus process Eponym of Hottinger agar and Hottinger broth Nachprufung und kritik der üblichen Bouillonbereitung. Zb. Bakt. Abt. Orig. 67:178-206, 1912 Proposed a method for determining NaOH or KOH in titrated liquids With T. de Camargo. Determinação da soda ou potassa nos líquidos titulados. Rev. Soc. Cient. S. Paulo 2(9-10):129-32, 1907 Developed gelatinometer (for determining quantitatively the changes in gelatin under varying conditions at a fixed temperature) and made the first quantitative determinations of this phenomenon Preparo e emprego da gelatina na bacteriologia. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1909 p.247-57 Presented a cold extraction method and showed the possibility of using residues from these extractions With G.H. Paula Souza. Preparo de caldo como meio de cultura An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1909 p.263-7 Proposed a new method for determining melting and congelation points of fats Determinação do ponto de fusão e de coagulação de gorduras. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1911 p.126-30 Suggested many modifications in Berthelot-Mahler calorimeter Notas calorimétricas. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1912 p.35-101 Improved Fresenius-Offenbach distilling apparatus Verificação de um aparelho novo para a destilação de amônio para dosagem de azoto. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1912 p.113-20 & Biochem. Zeitschr. p.345-51, 1914 Proposed that there are changes in molecular concentration of atmosphere due to variations in pressure and temperature Proposed covolume as the only means of dispersion A meteorologia sob o ponto de vista da química coloidal. Anais III Congr. Sul-Amer. Quimica 2:264-97, 1937 PATENTS Foreign A new or improved process of sterilizing liquids and solid materials British Patent 180,973 (1922) Methode de sterilisation au moyen de melant d’action oligodynamique Swiss Patent 13,175 (1921) With O. Bromberg. Purifying and sterilizing water US1,324,118 (1920) Brazilian Um processo de fabricação de filtros, filtros esterilizadores, recipientes e outros objetos esterilizadores de ação oligodinâmica (1930) With B. Rangel Pestana. Um novo processo e dispositivo para esterilizar água e outros líquidos (nº10.843) 1920 Revestimento antibacteriano para potes cerâmicos Novo processo e apparelho electrolysador de chloretos alcalinos (1917) Processo aperfeiçoado para purificar e esterilizar qualquer agua para torná-la potável (1916) Novo processo de fabricação de chloruretos ferríferos (Ferriol) (1916) OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS Lacmosol, the active constituent of lacmoid. Biochem. Zeitsch. 65:177-89, 1914 Several changes in the method of nitrogen estimation according to Kjeldahl. Biochem Z. 60:345-51, 1914 As gorduras dos nossos porcos e as carnes conservadas e presuntos. Novo método de pesagem analítica Estudo sobre o biodeto de mercúrio coloidal. Novo coliséptico intravenoso. Rev. Soc. Cient. S. Paulo 2(9-10):133-6, 1907 & 2(11-2):162-7, 1907 Uma bureta de precisão. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1907 p.149-50 A preparação de um indicador muito sensível. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1907 p.151-4 (lackmosol) Uma modificação do aparelho de Kjeldahl. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1907 p.161-5 Novo método de pesagem analítica. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1908 p.109-16 Modificação do método de Gram. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1909 p.239-40 Lackmosol, novo indicador de uma grande sensibilidade às bases. Rev. Soc. Cient. S. Paulo 4:91-5, 1909 With L.A. Wanderley. Estudos sobre as soluções alcoólicas de sulfato de amônio. Um alcoometro salino. An. Esc. Polit. para o ano de 1912 p.123-6 Clarificação e purificação de águas: novo processo. Ann. Paul. Med. Cir. 3(6):123-9, 1914 Obtained Ferriol coagulant (ferrosoferric chloride) for water purification A process for producing nonhygroscopic ferric chloride A special electrolyzer for producing chlorine from table salt
Roberto Herzenberg
Roberto Herzenberg, Jewish German mineralogist and chemist in Bolivia and Chile (Libau, Courland, Latvia 19 September 1885 – Santiago de Chile 24 October 1955) DESCRIBED MINERAL SPECIES Ahlfeldite (1944) valid Blockite (1935) with Ahlfeld (most known as penroseite described in 1937 by Bannister & Hey) Brunckite 1938 (invalid) Gumucionite 1933 (a mineral variety) Hochschildite 1942 (status uncertain) Kolbeckine 1932 (redescribed by Ramdohr in his honor as herzenbergite 1935) Montesite 1949 (status uncertain) Rooseveltite 1946 (valid) Souxite 1946 (described before varlamoffite of 1947)
Roberto Erwin Halbinger
Roberto Erwin Halbinger La Rocca, Argentine food microbiologist (Banfield, Buenos Aires Province 02 October 1924 – 20 September 1996) Performed studies on agricultural and industrial microbiology Authored over 60 papers and books SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY With M.S. Vidal. Microbiología de los alimentos conservados por el frio (1992) With G.M. Frontera, O.S. Correa & F.E. Gauna. Inoculación artificial de hongos micorrizicos de los gêneros Boletus y Scleroderma de especies de plantas del gênero Eucaliptus. Rev. Agric. Micol. 9:3-9, 1986 With E. Jocher. Microbiologia del ketchup (catchup). Alim. Latinoam. 17(42):28-9, 1983 With M.B. Tami. Incidence of technical compounds in the amyl process. Alim. Latinoam. 16(137):6-13, 1982 With M.A. Monzón de Asconegui. Tecnica de aislamiento de esporos de micorrizas endotrofas. Rev. Arg. Micol. 4(1):19-23, 1981 Inoculación de um hongo ectomicorritico en Raphanus sativus (1980) With J. Mussini, F.C. Gonzalez & R. Weille. Control microbiológico de cremas de consumo (1979) With F.C. Gonzalez, C. de Marión & J.C. Mussini. Fishing seawater microbiology of the Mar del Plata. Rev. Asoc. Arg. Microbiol. 7(2):44-8, 1975 Clostridium botulinum in fishery products in Microbial Safety of Fishery Products by C.O. Chichester & H.D. Graham (1973) Microbiologia de la industria de los alimentos. Ciencia y Tecnol. 26(7):306-12, 1970 With M.J. Asunción. Interpretación edafológica sobre la capacidad de nodulación de Lotus corniculatus. Cien. Invest. 24(4):177-8, 1968 Microbiologia industrial de la pesca. Ciencia y Tecnol. 23(1):28-32, 1967 Aislamiento, cultivo y multiplicación de hongos micoriticos inoculantes forestales (1966) The microbiological utilization of atmospheric nitrogen. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 109(3): Suppl. 161-6, 1965 Inoculación de leguminosas en médanos de la costa atlântica. IDIA Suppl. 15:79-82, 1965 Aplicación del método del micelio submergido al cultivo de hongos comestibles. Rev. Agr. Agron. 21(3):162, 1954 Ensayo de adaptación de levaduras en condiciones extremas (1953) Selección y ensayo de adaptación de levaduras. Rev. Arg. Agron. 20(3):130-40, 1953 Clarificación de jugos de frutas por diastasas microbianas Determinación de los agentes maduradores del queso de nasta blada (tipo quartirolo)
Raul Hernandez Peón
Raul Hernandez Peon, Mexican neurophysiologist (Merida, Yucatan 16 July 1924 – Ciudad de Mexico 16 April 1968) Authored about 150 papers Regarded as one of the leading world researchers in the field of neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep ACHIEVEMENTS Established that sensorial impulses are sorted at low levels of nervous system Determined the existence of a cholinergic system of sleep proposing its mechanism and anatomical structure Concluded that activation of reticular formation of brain stem exerts a descendent influence on sensorial pathways by means of inhibiting centrifugal fibers Postulated that supra-mesencephalic structures are not essential to habituation development Theorized that reticular formation receives and controls the external information With French & Livingston showed clearly that the same system of neurons which mediated the ascending arousing or activating response was itself under the influence of impulses descending in corticofugal pathways (1952-3) and confirmed the existence of reticulofugal inhibitory mechanisms acting upon the first sensory synapse (1954-5) Theorized that wakefulness-sleep systems and the positive-negative motivational systems are subserved by common anatomic subcortical limbic-midbrain structures and are reciprocally connected in dynamic equilibrium so that the level of activity in each system is modified by impulses coming from sensory receptors or from the neocortex First to demonstrate that the cortical potential evoked by a sensory stimulus and previously diminished by habituation, increases in voltage during reinforcement Concluded that electrical activity of the olfactory bulb was indicative of the state of activation of the brainstem arousal system Predicted that many psychiatric disorders were associated with the failure to inhibit responses to stimuli which have little informational value Put forward the concept that habituation is not only the primary learning process, but seems to be a common denomination for the establishment of all other more complex types of learning (1959) Showed that rostral side of reticular formation of brain stem was essential to awakening and wake maintenance Enunciated the concept that rostral brainstem influences that inhibit the mesencephalic reticular system primarily in the limbic system (1960) Demonstrated that the medial forebrain bundle forms a key part in the rostral sleep system into which there is confluence of heterogeneous hypnogenic pathways and also showed these elements to act by inhibiting the meso-diencephalic arousing neurons Introduced a model indicating reciprocal connections between the cerebral cortical system which rather accurately predicted the organization of the hypnogenic circuits in the brain as shown in his subsequent works (1961) Showed that when micro-crystals of cholinergic agents were applied to specific neural circuits the sleep was produced in all its various phases and stages Proved the descending path of the hypnogenic influences Concluded that descending and ascending paths of cholinergic hypnogen system act to induce sleep by inhibiting the meso-diencephalic activating system Established the physiological bases of the mechanisms that regulate sensory inputs and that subtend the phenomena of attention and learning Created a unicist theory for distinct dreams He has working out an original brain stem perfusion technique when passed away BIBLIOGRAPHY Physiology & Behavior 5(4):379-88, 1970 (includes complete bibliography of Hernandez Peón)
Rafael Herbst
Rafael Herbst, German-born Argentine paleobotanist (Hamburg 06 April 1936 – Tucumán Province 02 September 2017) DESCRIBED FOSSIL PLANTAE GENERA & SUBGENERA Genera Alicurana 2002 with Gnaedinger Archangelskya 1964 Asteracarpus 2004 with Anzótegui Baqueroties 1967 Buckya 2016 with Crisafulli Dejerseya 1977 Guairea 1981 Kwazulupteris 2015 with Vera Marayea 1993 Mollesia 2000 with Melchor Natalipteris 2015 with Vera Rochipteris 2001 with Troncoso & Gnaedinger Santaecruzia 1998 with Gnaedinger Tranquilia 1988 Tranquiloxylon 1995 with Lutz Tuvichapteris 1987 Vladiloxylon 2003 with Lutz & Crisafulli Subgenera Clathropteroides 1992 Dictyophyllum 1992 Thaumatopteris 1992 Sporae Clavatriletes 1965 Pisces Sachajenynsia & Tucmanableps 2017 with Sferco, Aguilera & Mirande HONORS (Fossil) Herbstosaurus Casamiquela 1974 (Reptilia) Herbstiloxylon Gnaedinger 2007 (Plantae) Rafaherbstia Vera & Cesari 2018 (Plantae)