Giovanni (Juan) Ramorino
Juan (Giovanni) Ramorino, Italian / Argentine geologist and paleontologist (Genova 1840 – Genova 14 April 1876) SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY Sopra ter piccoli Chironectes trovati nel golfo di Genov. Estr. dall’ Arch. Per la Zool. 1(2), 1861 Apuntes del curso de mineralogía, dictados en la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el año de 1867 Sopra le caverne di Liguria, e specialmente sopra una recentemente scoperta a Verezzi presso finale. Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino 24(2):277-304, 1868 Memoria sobre la piedra movediza del Tandil HONORS Ramorinoa Spegazzini 1924 (Fabaceae)
Gilberto Rodríguez
Gilberto Domingo Rodriguez Ramírez, Venezuelan hydrobiologist and carcinologist (Caracas 12 May 1929 – Caracas 16 May 2004) Regarded as one of the world’s foremost experts on Neotropical freshwater crustaceans Authored important works on ecology of estuarine systems With Humberto Díaz discovered pseudo lungs in crabs of Pseudothelphusidae family (1977) DESCRIBED CRUSTACEA TAXA Tribe Strengerianini 1982 Genera Eidocamptophallus 1989 with Hobbs Epithelphusa 1972 with Smalley Lobithelphusa 1982 Martiana 1980 Odontothelphusa 1982 Oedothelphusa 1980 Orthothelphusa 1980 Prionothelphusa 1980 Tehuana 1972 with Smalley Species/Subspecies 82 Plantae Species Heliconia aurea 1954 Heliconia nanna 1954 Heliconia schaeferiana 1954 HONORS (Crustacea) Rodriguezus Campos & Magalhães 2005 Subgenus Rodriguezia Bott 1969
Gilberto Righi
Gilberto Righi, Brazilian invertebrate zoologist (São Paulo 01 January 1937 – São Paulo 26 February 1999) DESCRIBED NEW TAXA Oligochaeta Families Narapidae 1993 with Varela Tumakidae 1996 Genera Aicodrilus 1971 Alexidrilus 1971 Amazo 1976 with Ayres & Bittencourt Amazonidrilus 1993 Areco 1978 with Ayres & Bittencourt Assudrilus 1971 Atatina 1971 Bauba 1980 Belladrilus 1984 Bribri 1984 Brunodrilus 1971 Chibui 1985 with Guerra Cirodrilus 1975 Cotinchytraeus 1974 Curacaodrilus 1979 with Kanner Dariodrilus 1978 with Ayres & Bittencourt Exisdrilus 1978 with Ayres & Bittencourt Goiascolex 1971 Guamaia 1975 Kaketio 1979 with Kanner Lourdesia 1994 Maipure 1996 Marcusaedrilus 1979 with Kanner Meridrilus 1993 Metataxis 1985 Narapa 1993 with Varela Opisthocordis 1984 Perolofius 1983 with Nemeth Praedrilus 1971 Santomesia 1984 Tairona 1984 Tiguassu 1978 with Ayres & Bittencourt Tonperoge 1975 Tuiba 1976 with Ayres & Bittencourt Tumak 1996 Tupidrilus 1974 Tupinaki 1996 Turedrilus 1993 Xibaro 1981 Zongodrilus 1996 Species 224 Mollusca Acanthochitona brunoi 1971 Acanthochitona ciroi 1971 Connexochiton moreirai 1973 Ischnochiton aidae 1973 Ischnochiton kempfi 1971 Ischnochiton marcusi 1971 Lepidochitona montoucheti 1973 Leptochiton darioi 1973 Lottia marcusi 1966 Crustacea Austinixa aidae 1967 Parthenope aylthoni 1965 Protozoa Aikinetocystis pontoscolecis 1988 Buetschliella marioninae 1974 Haplosporidium guarani 1974 Monocystis krin 1974 Monocystis octavi 1974 Monocystis tupi 1974 Rhabdostyla pristinis 1973 Rhynchocystis pessoai 1974 HONORS (Oligochaeta) Righiella Omodeo & Coates 2001 Righiodrilus Zicsi 1995
George Alexandre dos Reis
George Alexandre dos Reis, Brazilian immunologist (05 November 1953 – Rio de Janeiro 07 April 2019) Showed the macrophage role in T lymphocytes-induced streptococcal carditis lesions With M.A. Barcinski. Role of macrophage-dependent determinant selection in the induction phase of streptococcal carditis. Lancet 8198 (2):777-9, 1980 With M. Gaspar & M.A. Barcinski. Immune recognition in the streptococcal carditis of mice. The role of macrophages in the generation of heart-reactive lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 128:1514-21, 1982 First to demonstrate that self immunological tolerance is determined by histocompatibility genes With E.M. Shevach. Antigen-presenting cells from non-responder strain 2 guinea pigs are fully competent to present bovine insulin β-chain to responder strain 13 T cells: evidence against a determinant selection model and in favor of a clonal deletion model of immune response gene function. J. Exp. Med. 157:1287-99, 1983 Authored one of the first analysis of cyclosporin-propelled suppression mechanism With E.M. Shevach. Effect of cyclosporin A on T cell function in vitro: the mechanism of suppression of the T cell stimulus as well as differentiation state of the responding T cell. J. Immunol. 129:2360-7, 1982 With E.M. Shevach. Cyclosporin A treated guinea pig responder cells secrete a genetically restricted factor which suppresses the mixed leukocyte reaction. J. Clin. Invest. 71:165-9, 1983 Studied the relation between antigenic memory and autoreactivity of MHC in T cells emulating thymic positive selection With M.E. Shevach. The syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction represents polyclonal activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes with receptors for self Ia antigens. J. Immunol. 127:2456-60, 1981 With M.E. Shevach.Analysis of autoreactive, I Region-restricted cells colonies isolated from the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction and from conventional antigen responses. Europ. J. Immunol. 15:466-72, 1985 Exogenous antigen control of autoreactive T cell MHC specificity. Immunol. Today 15:597-8, 1994 With M.E. Shevach. Peripheral T cell self-reactivity and immunological memory. Immunol. Today 19(12):587-8, 1998 First description of apoptosis in a parasite disease With M.F. Lopes, V. Veiga, A. Santos & M.E. F. Fonseca. Activation-induced CD4+ T cell death by apoptosis in experimental Chagas disease. J. Immunol. 154:744-52, 1995 With C.G. Freire de Lima, M.P. Nunes, M. Soares, S. Corte Real, J. Previato & L. Mendonça Previato.Pro-apoptotic activity of a Trypanosoma cruzi ceramide-containing glycolipid turned on in host macrophages by interferon gamma. J. Immunol. 161(9):4909-16, 1998 Showed the relevant role that CTLA-4 plays in kalazar immunosupppression With N.A. Gomes, V. Barreto de Souza & M.E. Wilson. Unresponsive CD4+ T lymphocytes from Leishmania chagasi infected mice increase cytokine production and mediate parasite killing after blockade of B7-1 / CTLA-4 molecular pathway. J. Infect. Dis. 178(6):1847-51, 1998 With C.G. Freire de Lima, D.O. Nascimento, M. Soares, F. De Mello, P.T. Bozza, H.C. Castro Faria Neto & M.F. Lopes. Uptake of apoptotic cells drives the growth of a pathogenic trypanosome in macrophages. Nature 403:199-203, 2000
Gastão Rosenfeld
Gastão Rosenfeld, Hungarian-born Jewish Brazilian biomedical scientist (Budapest 26 July 1912 – São Paulo 15 July 1990) From Hungarian father and Egyptian mother from French ascent ACHIEVEMENTS Studied properties of natural toxins Authored many important studies on physiopathology of poisoning by animals A new method for studying Hematozoa Novo método para pesquisa de hematozoários. Rev. Assoc. Paul. Med. 18:306, 1941 Método rápido de coloração de esfregaços de sangue. Noções práticas sobre corantes pancrômico e estudo de diversos fatores. Mem. Inst. Butantan 20:315-28, 1947 Developed Rosenfeld staining, a rapid pan-chromic staining for blood smears combining May-Grunwald and Giemsa methods Corante pancrômico para a hematologia e citologia clínica: nova combinação dos componentes do May-Grunwald e do Giemnsa num só corante de emprego rápido. Mem. Inst. Butantan 20:329-334, 1947 Co-discovered bradykinin (1949) With M. Rocha e Silva & W.T. Beraldo. Bradykinin, a hypotensive and smooth muscle stimulating factor released from plasma globulin by snake venoms and by trypsin. Am. J. Physiol. 156:261-73, 1949 With L.A.P. de Camargo. Retração normal do coágulo sanguíneo. Coeficiente de correção e índice de retração. Rev. Bras. Biol. 9:510, 1949 With B. Janszky & A.T. Leão. Método de investigação da ação de drogas sobre a coagulabilidade do sangue “in vivo”. Seara Med. 6:515, 1951 Introduced a new treatment for chronic leukemia using personal control of maintenance dosis Considerations on the classification frequence and treatment of leukemia. Acta Unio Int. Contra Cancrum 11(3):313-7, 1955 With O.G. Hampe & E.M. Kélen. Coagulant and fibrinolytic activity of animal venoms: determination of coagulant and fibrinolytic index of different species. Mem. Inst. Butantan 29:143-63, 1959 With E.M.A. Kelen & F. Nudel. Hemolytic activity of animal venoms. I. Classification in different types and activities. Mem. Inst. Butantan 30, 1960 Described in detail Rosenfeld neurotoxic facies or myasthenic facies, a pathognomonic sign of the bite by a snake with neurotoxic venom (1960s) Developed a modified standard technique for determining coagulation time Técnica padrão da determinação do tempo de coagulação (modificado). J. Bras. Med. 7:695-711, 1965 With W. Beçak & M.A.R. Barros. Método fotométrico para medição quantitativa de cromossomos (1965) Described hementerin, an anticoagulant of leech Haementeria lutzi With Eva M. A. Kélen. Fibrinogenolytic substance (hementerin) of Brazilian blood-sucking leeches (Haementeria lutzi Pinto 1920). Haemostasis 4(1): 51-64, 1975 Paper in Science With B. Janszky. The accelerating effect of calcium on the fibrinogen-fibrin transformation. Science 116:36-7, 1952
G.N. Ramachandran
Gopalasamudran Narayana Iyer Ramachandran, Indian structural biologist and crystallographer (Ernakluam, Kerala State 08 October 1922 – Chennai 07 April 2001) Authored 250 publications ACHIEVEMENTS Regarded as one of founders of molecular biophysics With W.A.Wooster proposed a length unit in yards for scanning and assessing generally any structure mainly polypeptides With Wooster first determinated the elastic constants of cubic crystals from diffuse x-ray reflections (1949) With Gopinath Kartha proposed the triple helical structure of collagen molecule introducing the concept of coiled-coil structure (1954) Discovered bridge regions in biological molecules, a region bridging α-helical and β-sheet conformations known as Ramachandran bridges With S. Raman derived the correct formula for calculating phase angles from Bijvoet differences in A new method for the structure analysis of non-centro-symmetric crystals. Curr. Sci. 25:348-51, 1956 Applied Fourier transforms and anomalous dispersion to methods of structure analysis Developed a novel Fourier method for structural analysis in crystallography Gave contribution on the use of anomalous dispersion in phase determination in x-ray structure analysis (1956) With R. Srinivasan. A new statistical test for distinguishing between centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric structures. Acta Crystal. 12:410-1, 1959 With C. Ramakrishnan & V. Sasisekharan developed Ramachandran plot or map (1963) Setted the rules that govern the conformation of polysaccharides (1963) With A.V. Lakshininarayana developed convolution-backprojection algorithm used in x-ray tomography (1971) Developed a x-ray focusing mirror for the x-ray microscope Developed a new Boolean algebra vector matrix formalism (1976) Real Atom Grid Approximation (RAGA) – a new technique of crystal structure analysis using only amplitudes without determination of phases of reflections. Acta Cryst. A 46:359-65, 1990 Developed methods for solving conformation or molecular architecture of proteins and others biopolymers Introduced the term topograph in crystallography Eponym of Ramachandran angles HONORS Ewald Prize, International Union of Crystallography (1999) Asteroid Ramachandran 20851 Chemistry Nobel Prize nominee (1964) LINKS http://rsbm.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/51/367.full.pdf+html