Oswaldo Paulo Forattini
Oswaldo Paulo Forattini, Brazilian medical entomologist and epidemiologist (Rosario, Argentina 10 January 1924 – São Paulo 15 September 2007) Son of Italian immigrants ACHIEVEMENTS Authored 243 papers and 14 books Gained world renown in epidemiology and medical entomology Studied the epidemiology of many tropical diseases and ecology of its vectors Elaborated an epidemiological model of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis Showed that dipteran species Psorophora ferox was competent for transmitting arbovirus in laboratory With C.J. Mitchell & B.R. Miller. Vector competence with Rocio virus and three mosquito species from the epidemic zone in Brazil. Rev. Saude Publica 20(3):171-7, 1986. Isolated new viral agents (Cotia and Boraceia virus) With O. Souza Lopes, J.P.G. Lacerda, I.E.M. Fonseca, D.P. Castro & E.X. Rabello. Cotia virus: a new agent isolated from sentinel mice in São Paulo, Brazil. Amer.J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 14:156-7, 1965. With O. Souza Lopes, J.P.G. Lacerda, I.E.M. Fonseca, L.A. Sacchetta & E.X. Rabello. Boraceia vírus. A new virus related to Anopheles B vírus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123:502-4, 1966. Described at least 42 new Diptera species Published Entomologia Medica (1962-73), a classical book in this area HONORS John Belkin Memorial Award, American Mosquito Control Association (1995) Subgenus Forattiniella Vargas 1978 (Diptera) See HTTP://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsp/v41n6/03.pdf (in Portuguese with complete bibliography)
Oswaldo Frota Pessoa
Oswaldo Frota-Pessoa, Brazilian geneticist (Rio de Janeiro 30 March 1917 – São Paulo 24 March 2010) DISEASES With A. Richieri Costa & S.M. Garcia da Silva. Late infantile autosomal recessive myotonia, mental retardation, and skeletal abnormalities: a new autosomal recessive syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 21(2):103-7, 1984 With A. Richieri Costa. Atrichia, abnormal EEG, epilepsy and mental retardation in two sisters. Hum. Hered. 29(5):292-7, 1979 With C. Penha-Serrano, D. Klein & M. Zatz. A malignant form of neurogenic muscular atrophy in adults, with dominant inheritance. J. Genet. Hum. 19:337-54, 1971 With J.A. Escalante & H. Grunspun. Severe sex-linked mental retardation. J. Genet. Hum. 19:137, 1971 (first to note macro-orchidism with X-linked mental retardation) METHODS Proposed a method for assessing the mutation rate for detrimental recessive genes in man With P.H. Saldanha. The rate of spontaneous sex-linked mutations and doubling dose in man. Annals of Human Genetics 24(4):367-73, 1960 With C.A. Moreira Filho. A method for detecting sex diferences in mutation rates of sex-linked human genes. Excerpta Med. Found. 32:173, 1961 Proposed an indirect method for evaluating the concealed genetic load expressing itself before birth Lethal equivalents acting before birth. Am. J. Human Genet. 18(1):57-61, 1966 A technique for evaluating the reactivity of human smell lymphocytes in culture. Cien. Cult. 27:1233-6, 1975 Presented the relationship between the penetrance and the recurrence risk for sibs of isolated cases of autosomal dominant conditions with incomplete penetrance With P.A. Otto & J.R. Plaza. The variation of recurrence risks with penetrance for isolated cases of autosomal dominant conditions. J. Hered. 67(4):256, 1976 Developed a procedure for identifying human Y chromosome using staining techniques With C.L. Borovik & N.S. Loghin Grosso. The human Y chromosome: its routine identification and variability. Rev. Bras. Pesq. Med. Biol. 10(3):159-73, 1977 Developed a methodology allowing the estimate of risks, heterozygosity and manifestation of Huntington ‘s chorea within preestablished periods for individuals of any age With N. Martello & J.L. Santos. Risks of manifestation of Huntington chorea. J. Genet. Hum. 26(1):33-53, 1978 With A. Rogatko & C.A. Pereira. A Bayesian method for the estimation of penetrance: application to mandibulo facial and frontonasal dysostoses. Am. J. Med. Genetics 24(2):231-46, 1986 Presented general formulae for several common situations in the genetic counseling of heterogeneous disorders With M.C. Braga & P.A. Otto. Calculation of recurrence risks for heterogeneous genetic disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. 95(1):36-42, 2000 OTHERS Described 32 new dipteran species (1947-54) Papers in important periodicals With P.A. Otto, S. Kasahara & H.G. Nunesmaia. Risk of 45,X karyotype in offspring of Turner’s syndrome patients. Lancet 2 (8031):257, 1977 With N.R. Ferreira. Trisomy after colchicines therapy. Lancet 1 (7606):1161-2, 1969 With E.L. Gomes & T.R. Calicchio. Christmas factor: dosage compensation and the production of blood coagulation factor IX. Science 139:348, 1963 HONORS Consultant, World Health Organization Expert Committe on Human Genetics (1961-86) UNESCO International Kalinga Prize for Popularization of Science (1982)
Osvaldo Coutinho de Faria
Oswaldo Coutinho de Faria, Brazilian scientist in France (Rio de Janeiro 06 November 1886 – ?) INVENTIONS A simplified system to transform alternate to continuous currents (AC/DC) (1903) A transformer (1903) Kinetophone, a forerunner of vitaphone (1897) Introduced improvements in radiography and cinematography
Orestes Fiandra
Orestes Alfredo Fiandra Cuculic, Uruguayan cardiologist (Montevideo 04 August 1921 – Montevideo 22 April 2011) From Italian and Croatian descent Authored over 180 papers and 5 books With Roberto Rubio performed the first long-term pacemaker to be successfully implanted on a human in the world (1960) Developed self-anchoring electrode for permanent endocardial stimulation Suggested a new shape for endocardial electrode Developed an low threshold off electrode for cardiac pacemaker (1990) PATENTS Autofixation electrode Implantable artificial heart for human use (1994) With R. Suarez Antola an electrode for electric stimulation of living tissues HONOURS Member, New York Academy of Sciences
Olympio da Fonseca
Olympio Arthur Oliveira Ribeiro da Fonseca, Brazilian physician (Rio de Janeiro 07 May 1895 – Rio de Janeiro 19 April 1978) Brother of Brazilian zoologist Flávio da Fonseca ACHIEVEMENTS Performed studies in mycology, parasitology and tropical medicine Authored 150 works Showed that the pandemic flu was a virosis independently With A.M. Cunha & O. Magalhães. Estudos experimentais sobre a influenza pandemica. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 10:174-91, 1918 First to demonstrate a sexual process in reproduction of blastomycosis-causating pathogenic yeasts in man (Debaryomyces sp.), 1922 Individualized and named chromoblastomycosis With Fernando Terra, Magarinos Torres & Area Leão. Novo typo de dermatite verrucosa, mycose por Acrotheca com associação de leishmaniosa. Bras.Med. 2:368-78, 1922. Developed the first specific skin test for paracoccidiodomycosis With A.E. Area Leão. Reaction cutanee specifique avec le filtrat de cellule du Coccidioides immitis. Comp. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. 97:1796-7, 1927 First to note Aspergillus amstelodami causing black grains mycetoma of feet (1929) Novo método de terminação rápida do parto. Bol. Soc. Med. Cir. S. Paulo 4(12):333-5, 1922 DESCRIBED Protozoa Genera Chilomitus 1915 Enteromonas 1915 Globomonas 1918 Tetrachilomastix 1915 Described about 30 new Protozoan species Fungi Genera Glenosporopsis 1943 Piedraia 1928 with Area Leão Pochonia 1965 with Batista Teratoschaeta 1967 with Batista Diptera Subgenus Pseudoscione 1918 with Lutz & Souza Araújo HONORS Fonsecaia Pinto 1918 (Protozoa) Fonsecaea Negroni 1936 (Fungi) OTHERS Honoris Causa, Université de Paris (1952) Honorary President, VI (Rome) & VII (Stockholm) International Congress of Microbiology TRIVIA Set up the second in importance mycological collection in the world, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1920s)
Octavio Marcondes Ferraz
Octavio Marcondes Ferraz, Brazilian civil engineer (São Paulo 23 November 1896 – São Paulo 08 February 1990) With Domingos Marchetti, Gentil Norberto & André Jules Balança designed and built underground power plant Paulo Afonso I whose large scale rock excavation was one of the world’s great engineering feats of the 1950s (1949-55) Developed an original process of river shunt using cellular caissons in order to construct a hydroelectric plant (1955). This process permitted Brazilians create it without requering foreign specialists. First use in the world of floating iron beam coffin