Sung Shu Chien
Sung Shu Chien or Songshu Qian, Chinese botanist (Jiaxing 1883 – 1965) DESCRIBED PLANT TAXA Valid Genus Changnienia 1935 (Orchidaceae) Species Ajuga lanosa 1932 with Sun Boehmeria lohwiensis Camelia tsofui 1939 Camellia tuberculata 1939 Camellia villicarpa 1939 Campylotropis reticulata 1932 Changnienia amoena 1935 Cornus (Swida) parviflora 1931 Cypripedium cathayenum 1930 Daphniphyllum longistylium 1933 Daphniphyllum oblongum 1933 Daphniphyllum salicifolium 1933 Girardinia chingiana Hemipila crassicalcarata 1931 Indigofera chenii 1934 Indigofera glabra 1932 Iris pseudorossii 1931 Lecanthus pileoides with Chen Liparis cucullata 1930 Litsea auriculata 1931 with Cheng Lonicera fangii 1940 Lonicera glandulifera 1940 Lonicera hopeiensis 1940 Lonicera tangiana 1940 Lysimachia huitsunae 1933 Lysimachia liui 1933 Lysimachia polycephala 1933 Maackia chekiangensis 1932 Nanocnide dichotoma Oreorchis intermedia 1930 Pertularia (Tulotis) whangshanensis 1931 Pilea longipedunculata with Chen Pilea secunda Pilea subedentata with Chen Platanthera bifolia Podophyllum (Dysosma) chengii 1936 Pyrularia inermis Ranunculus arcuans Ranunculus brachyrhynchus Sloanea tsinyunensis Stewartia gemmata 1931 with Cheng HONORS Chieniodendron Tsiang & Li 1964 (Annonaceae)
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, US/Indian astrophysicist (Lahore, 19 October 1910 – Chicago, Illinois 21 August 1995) Nephew of Nobel Laureate physicist C.V. Raman ACHIEVEMENTS Published nearly 400 papers and many books Determined maximum mass of a star that can support itself against its own gravity without the aid of heat known as Chandrasekhar limit (1930) Enunciated important theorems about cosmic masses stability under gravity, rotation and magnetic fields Discovered relativistic instability of radial oscillations in white dwarf stars Showed the phenomenon of dynamical friction Introduced the notion of a continuous distribution of matter with statistical fluctuations in density Introduced relaxation concept in stellar dynamics Developed post-Newtonian approximation for treating the field equations of general relativity that became normal standard for computing gravitational waves in dynamical systems of massive particles Performed the first estimates about the formation of chemical elements in stars (1942) with L.R. Henrick Discovered tensor virial theorem Derivated a radiactive transfer equation HONORS Physics Nobel Prize (1983) Bruce Medal (1952) Asteroid 1958 Chandra EPONYMY Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schultz instability (1970) Chandrasekhar-Schenberg limit (1942) Chandrasekhar bosonic mass Wick-Chandrasekhar method Chandrasekhar number Chandrasekhar H-functions Chandrasekhar-Kendall modes (1936) Chandrasekhar-Münch equation Chandrasekhar colliding wave plane Chandrasekhar variational principle Chandrasekhar virial equations Chandrasekhar tensor Chandrasekhar friction
Stephenson Caticha Ellis
Stephenson Caticha Ellis, Uruguayan/Brazilian physicist and crystallographer (Melo 30 September 1927 – Campinas, São Paulo State 27 October 2003) Obtained international recognition for his studies on x-rays anomalous dispersion and dynamical diffraction Authored about 200 works METHODS/DEVICES First proposed multiple diffraction for determination of mosaic spread Described a method using real part of the dispersion correction in the x-ray atomic scattering factor for the solution of centrosymmetric crystal structures On the use of anomalous scattering of x-rays in the solution of centrosymmetric structures. Acta Crystall. 15(9):863-5, 1962 With Ariel Ramos & Luis R. Saravia. Use of primary filters in x-ray spectrography: a new method for trace analysis. Proc 16th Denver x-ray Conf. (1968) With C.B.R. Parente. Multiple scattering of x-rays and neutrons. I. A recurrence formula for the Taylor series expansion in the calculation of intensities. Japan Journal Appl. Physics 13(10):1501-5, 1974 With L.P. Cardoso. An x-ray microdensitometer. Journal of Physics. E, scientific Instruments 12(6):545-8, 1979 With C. Campos & L.P. Cardoso. A simple method to cut a single crystal in any desired direction. J. Appl.Crystallogr. 16:360, 1983 With A.G. Alvarez, I.L. Torriani & E.G. Lluesma. Development of some phosphorus of high quantic efficiency and their application in radiological image reinforcing screens (1984) With Lisandro P. Cardoso invented a x-rays monochromator-collimator of high accuracy (1989) With A. Caticha & N. Caticha. Resonant cavity for the stimulated emission of x rays, Appl. Phys. Lett. 54:887-9, 1989 With Ariel Caticha. A Fabry-Perot interferometer for hard x-rays. Physica Status Solidi 119(2):643-54, 1990 With Richard Boyce & Herman Winick. Conceptual design of instrumentation to measure the diffraction profile of a single crystal at Bragg angle near by using synchrotron radiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics research Section A 291:132-4, 1990 With Ariel Caticha. A thermal neutron interferometer of the Fabry-Perot type. Physica Status Solidi 153:29, 1996 SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY With A. Fabris de Mercantini. Identificación por difracción de rayos X de los minerales de las arenas negras ilmenitico-monaciticas del litoral uruguayo. Bol.Fac.Ing. Montevideo 5(10):285-313, 1955 With W. Cochran. The x-ray diffraction spikes of diamond. Acta Crystall. 11(4):245-9, 1958 With A. Rimsky. Critere de fin d’ affinement d’ une structure atomique. Acta Crystall. 11(7):481-4, 1958 With L.R. Saravia. A table of the real part of the dispersion correction for x-ray scattering. Acta Crystall. 20(6):927-30, 1966 With S.C. Abrahams. The crystal and molecular structure of 4,4’dibromo- and 4,4’-dichlorodibenzoyl peroxide. Acta Crystall. 24(2):277-80, 1968 Simultaneous reflections and the mosaic spread in a crystal plate. Acta Crystall. 25(6): 666-73, 1969 With A.M. Ozorio de Almeida. X-Ray scattering from crystals with intracellular disorder. Physica Status Solidi B 75:657-8, 1976 X-ray diffraction profiles from neutron-irradiated LiF single crystals. J. Appl. Crystall. 10(5):390-6, 1977 Marking of spherical crystals for identical re-mounting. J. Appl. Crystall. 10(6):503-4, 1977 Turning cylindrical crystals in a common lathe. J. Appl. Crystall. 10:504, 1977 With S. Chang. An ambiguity in indexing Renninger diagrams and the distinction between some opposite directions in cubic crystals. Acta Crystall. A 34:825, 1978 With A. da Costa Lamas & S.L. Chang. On the use of powder diffractrometry in the study of phase transitions case of NaNO2. Physica Status Solidi 68(1):173-8, 1981 Anomalous dispersion of x-rays in crystallography (1981) With A. Caticha. Dynamical diffraction of x-rays by thin crystals at Bragg angles near π2. Physica Status Solidi 119(1):47-54, 1990
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran
Srinivasan Chandrasekaran, Indian organic chemist (Tamil Nadu 15 November 1945 – Developed and improved many new synthetic routes for a wide variety of chemicals SOME CONTRIBUTIONS With P.V. Balaji reported the first general method for the geminal amination and an intermolecular metal-free germinal amino oxygenation of vinylarenes using hypervalent iodine reagent (2016) Developed a simple method for the synthesis of a range of functionalized organoselenium compounds by nucleophilic ring opening of a variety of doubly activated cyclopropanes with diselenides under strictly nucleophilic conditions being the first report of a generalized procedure for the ring opening of various doubly activated cyclopropanes by using diselenides (2015) Presented the first studies of the reactivity of carbohydrate vinylcyclopropanes towards the synthesis of densely functionalized oxepane analogues (2014) With P.V. Balaji first to report on the non-Wacker intermolecular germinal oxyamination of styrenes through a domino process (2013) With S. Devarajulu & P. Gopinath discovered a new selena-aza-Payne type rearrangement of aziridinemethanoltosylates mediated by tetraselenotungstate (2012) With R. Ramapanicker, R. Gupta & R. Megha demonstrated the utility of propargyl esters as a protecting group for carboxyl groups in solution-phase peptide synthesis (2011) With R. Ramesh. But-2-ynylbisoxycarbonyl chloride: a novel C2-symmetric reagent for the protection of amines and amino acids. Organic Lett. 7:4947-50, 2005 INTRODUCED Tetrathiomolybates as reagents for sulfur transfer reaction and induced internal redox reaction Reagents system of PDC/t-butyl hydroperoxide for allylic oxidation Ruthenium based catalysts and nanostructured amorphous metals and alloys as catalysts for aerobic oxygen transfer reactions
Sixto Coscarón
Sixto Coscarón, Argentine entomologist (Río Negro Province 06 August 1926 – DESCRIBED DIPTERA TAXA Tribe Mycteromyini 1979 with Philip Genera/Subgenera Araucnephia 1973 with Wygodzinsky Araucnephioides 1973 with Wygodzinsky Archeomytes 1971 with Philip Austromyans 1971 with Philip Cnesiamima 1973 with Wygodzinsky Curumyia 1976 Fairchildimyia 1971 with Philip Haematopotina 1967 with Philip Inaequalium 1984 with Wygodzinsky Mayacnephia 1973 with Wygodzinsky Nubiloides 1967 Paraustrosimulium 1962 with Wygodzinsky Pedrowygomyia 1998 with Miranda Esquivel Promycteromyia 1979 with Philip HONORS (Diptera) Coscaronia Cortés 1979 Coscaroniellum Py-Daniel 1983
Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar
Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar, Indian physicist (Calcutta 06 August 1930 – Bangalore 08 March 2004) Brother of material scientist Sivaraj Ramaseshan Relative of Nobel prize winners being nephew of physicist C.V. Raman and cousin of astrophysicist Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Predicted and discovered a new kind of liquid crystals, the discotic liquid crystals (1977) Proposed a new type of quadratic formula for the optical rotary dispersion of crystals Proposed and developed a simple method for estimating extinction effects experimentally in crystal analysis by the use of polarize x-rays (1960) With V.N. Madhusudana & P.P. Kant developed a simple and direct method to measure twist elastic constant (1973) With R. Nityananda, U.D. Kini & K.A. Suresh discovered the optical analogue of Borrmann effect in crystals (1975) With B.K. Sadashiva & K.A. Suresh discovered a new type of liquid crystal phase (1977) Established the physical behavior and properties of discotic systems Demonstrated that liquid crystals properties could be induced in non-mesomorphic materials by pressure and conversely that mesophases in some systems could be suppressed Synthesized the first paramagnetic nematogenic compounds HONORS Friedericksz Medal, Liquid Crystalline Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2000) LINKS http://dspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/2285/1/2005%20Biog%20Mem%20INSA%20V28%20p133.pdf His brother, Sivaramakrishna Pancharatnam, physicist (Calcutta 09 February 1934 – Oxford 20 May 1969) Discovered the geometric phase in optics (Pancharatnam-Berry phase) in 1965 Demonstrated the connection between light shifts and dispersion