Shya Chitaley
Shyamala Dixit Chitaley, Indian / US palaeobotanist (Nasik, Maharashtra State 15 February 1918 – Ashland, Massachusetts, USA 31 March 2013) Born Shyamala Dixit DEVELOPED METHODS / TECHNIQUES With D.V. Chitaley. New technique of preparing specimens for herbarium. Sci. Cult. 30:341, 1964 An improved method of mounting fossil sections. Ann. Bot. 29:225-7, 1965 With S.U. Deshpande. A new method of pollen preparation. J. Palynol. 5(2):128, 1969 With M.Z. Patel. A new technique for permanent preparations of fossil microflora. Jour. Palyn. 5(2):132-3, 1970 With D.V. Chitaley. A new technique for preparing permanent stained microslides (1970) A technique of preserving fossilized material in coal balls using wax or a paraffin wax technique for preserving pyritic coal balls (Chitaley technique) A new technique for thin sections of pyritized permineralizations. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 45:301-6, 1985 DESCRIBED FOSSIL PLANTAE GENERA Acanthacioxylon 1970 with Patil Aerophyllites 1971 with Patil Aerorhizos 1968 Apocynaceoxylon 1970 with Paradkar & Subnedar Bisporangistrobus 1988 Clevelandodendron 1996 with Pigg Daberocarpon 1973 with Sheikh Deccananthus 1974 with Kate Deccanites 1985 with Kapgate & Sheikh Deccanostrobus 2007 with Kapgate & Awasthi Dicotyloxylon 1971 with Patel Graminocarpon 1971 with Sheikh Harrisocarpon 1973 with Nambudiri Harrisostrobus 1973 with Sheikh Helminthosporites 1971 with Sheikh Keraocarpon 1999 with Ohana & Kimura Krempocarpon 1974 with Kate Krempogonium 2004 with Nambudiri & Yawale Marsileaites 2004 with Nambudiri Nothothylites 1980 with Yawale Pantea 1977 with Yawale Perrottettioxylon 1971 with Patil & Hunnargikar Prakashites 1977 with Yawale Raoanthus 1975 with Patel Rhamnoxylon 1972 with Kate Sahniocarpon 1973 with Patil Salvinites 1991 with Nambudiri Smeadia 2004 with Li Sonneratiorhizos 1969 Surangea 1972 with Sheikh Triloculaire 1974 with Patel Xinjiangostrobus 2002 with Mai & Dou Pollen/ Sporae Rhamnacidites 1951 Tetradomonoporites 1951 OTHERS Azolla deccaniana 1991 with Nambudiri Monosulcites medius 1951 HONORS (FOSSIL) Chitaloxylon Sheikh 1971 (Plantae) Chitaleypushpam Paradkar 1971 (Plantae) Chitaleocarpon Kapgate 2000 (Plantae) Chitaleya Prasad et al. 2005 (Phytolith)
Shupeng Chen
Shupeng Chen, Chinese geographer and cartographer (Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province February 1920 – Beijing 25 November 2008) Developed geoinformation science Authored Geo-information science and digital earth (2004), maybe the first book specifically dedicated to the concept of digital earth Designed an information system Advocated the concept of geo-information Tupu, a new type of atlas (1990s) Proposed a raster coding system based on information mechanism (1986) Proposed the idea of geo-information mechanism (1994) HONOURS O.M. Miller Cartographic Award, American Geographical Society (1998) Carl Mannerfelt Gold Medal, International Cartographical society (2001) Contribution Prize, International Karst Society (2001)
Shiing Shen Chern
Shiing Shen Chern, US / Chinese mathematician (Jia Xin, Chekiang Province 26 October 1911 – Tianjin 03 December 2004) Considered as founder of global differential geometry and integral hyperbolic geometry Introduced Hermitian geometry to multiple complexes Introduced the concept of Hermitian connections With E.H. Spanier proved Thom isomorphism independent from René Thom (1951) Enunciated Chern theorem (1953) With Levine and Nirenberg defined intrinsic norm about complex manifold cohomology HONORS Mathematics Wolf Prize (1983) Mathematics Shaw Prize (2004) Asteroid Chern (29552) EPONYMY Chern characteristic class (1946) Chern forms Chern-Simons form Chern-Moser invariants (1974) Chern-Simons invariants (1971) Chern-Simons secondary characteristic class Bernstein-Heinz-Chern inequalities Chern-Barbosa method Chern-do Carmo-Kobayashi conjecture Chern character Chern-Weil homomorfism (1949) Blaschke-Chern-Santalo theorem Chern isomorphism
Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre
Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre, Indian astrophysicist (Mumbai 07 May 1936 – Mumbai 11 January 2021) Considered one of the leading international researchers in astrophysics Made seminal contributions to understanding of solar oscillations in terms of the internal structure of the sun With J.V. Narlikar proposed the hypothesis of the gravitational curvature of radio waves due to the presence of galaxies (1978) Mapped the differential rotation of the solar interior Measured heavy elements abundances in the solar interior With Saslaw & Narasimha discovered Einstein rings SOME BIBLIOGRAPHY The Structure of Sunspots. Mon Not.Roy Astron Soc 123:431, 1963 With V. Canuto. Solidification of the Neutron Matter. Phys. Rev. Letters (1973) 30:9, 1973 With D. Ezer & R. Stothers. Solar Neutrinos and a Central Magnetic Field in the Sun. Astrophys. Letts. 14:37, 1973 With H.M. Antia. Waves in the Sunspot Umbra. Solar Phys, 63:67, 1979 With P.V. Kulkarni, N.M. Ashok, K.M.V. Apparao. Discovery of Infrared Bursts from Liller I/MXB1730333. Nature 280:819, 1979 With D. Narasimha & K. Subramanian. Spheroidal Gravitational Lenses and the Triple Quasar. Mont Not Roy Astron. Soc 200:941, 1982 With K.M.V. Apparao & M.J. Rees. With The Role of Proton Cyclotron Emission near Accreting Magnetic Neurton Stars. Journ. Astrophys. Astron. 3:413, 1982 With K. Subramanian & D. Narasimha, Minilensing of Multiply Imaged Quasars: Flux Variations and Vanishing of Images. Astrophys. Journal 289:37, 1985 With W.C. Saslaw & D. Narasimha. The Gravitational Lens as an Astronomical Diagnostic. Astrophys. Journal (1985) 292:348, 1985 With D. Narasimha & K. Subramanian. “Missing Image” in Gravitational Lens Systems. Nature 321:45, 1986 With K.Subramanian & M.J. Rees. Gravitational Lensing by Dark Galactic Halos, Mont. Not Roy Astron Soc 224:28, 1987 With D. Narasimha. Giant Luminous Arcs in Galaxy Clusters. Astrophys. Journal 332:75, 1988 With D. Narasimha. Lensing of Extended Sources by Dark Galactic Halos. Astron Journal 97:327, 1989 With H.M. Antia. Helioseismic Models and Solar Neutrino Fluxes. Mon Not Roy Astron. Soc. 289: L1, 1997 With H.M. Antia. Determination of temperature and chemical composition profiles in the Solar interior from Seismic Models. Astron. Astrophys. 339:239, 1998 With H.M. Antia & S. Basu. Solar Internal rotation rate and the latitudinal variation of the tachocline. Mon Not Roy Astron. Soc. 298:543, 1998 With H.M. Antia. Limit on the Proton-Proton Reaction Cross-section from Helioseismology. Astron. Astrophys. 347:1000, 1999 With H.M. Antia & M.J. Thompson. The Sun’s acoustic sphericity and magnetic fields in the Solar Convection Zone. Astron Astrophys 360:335, 2000 With S.I. Vainshtein & A.V. Olinto. Rapid dissipation of magnetic fields due to the Hall current. Phys Rev E (2000) 61:4422, 2000 With H.M. Antia & M.J. Thompson. On Variation of the Latitudinal Structure of the Solar Convection Zone. Astron Astrophys (2003) 399:329, 2003 With D. Narasimha. Gravitational lens systems to probe extragalactic magnetic fields. Current Sci. 93:1506, 2007 With K.R. Sivaraman & H. M. Antia. Zonal velocity bands and the solar activity cycle. Solar Phys. 251:149, 2008 With H.M. Antia & S. Basu. Solar rotation rate and its gradients during cycle 23, Astrophys. J. 681:680, 2008 With H.M. Antia & D.O. Gough.Temporal variations in the Sun’s rotational kinetic energy. Astron. Astrophys. 477:657, 2008
Shaila Chandra
Shaila Chandra, Indian palaeobotanist (fl.1970) DESCRIBED FOSSIL GENERA Plantae Bryothallites 1994 Chirimiria 1992 with Srivastava Denkania 1973 with Surange Handapaphyllum 1989 with Singh Indocarpus 1974 with Surange Jambadostrobus 1977 with Surange Karharbariospermum 1982 with Srivastava Kendostrobus 1972 with Surange Khania 1988 with Singh (de A.M. Khan) Leleopteris 1982 with Srivastava Palaeospiroxylon 1980 with Prasad Pantopteris 1982 with Rigby Partha 1973 with Surange Plumsteadiostrobus 1977 with Surange Saksenaphyllites 1995 Surangephyllum 1986 with Singh Talchirophyllites 1995 Talchirospermum 1982 with Srivastava Tatapania 2011 with Singh & Saxena Umariaphyllites 1995 Utkalia 1982 Venustrobus 1977 with Surange Pollen & Sporae Kendosporites 1972 Trilaevipellites 1974 with Lele Others Talchirichnus 1996 with Srivastva & Singh (Ichnofossil)
Severiano Antonio de Castilho
Severiano Antonio de Castilho, Brazilian military and naval engineer (Sacra Família do Tinguá, rio de Janeiro State 1860 – Rio de Janeiro 1940) INVENTIONS An apparatus for breech ring A wedge system Castilho machine gun (1885), an improved Nordenfelt machine gun Castilho breech screw (English patent number 17491) from 1912 Castilho system for heat insulating (English patent number 4852) A projectile A combined primer Castilho system of barrage with mines for narrow pitches An apparatus for salvage in burnings (English patent number 451852) from 1891 An apparatus for “turcos” of jolly-boat (1887) Brazilian patent number 512 The information was obtained in http://www.redetec.org.br/inventabrasil/metcast.htm